Revelation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One Nation Under Wal-Mart an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

One Nation Under Wal-Mart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc was established in 1962 by Sam Walton and it was fused in 1969. It originally showed up on the New York stock trade in 1972. It is the biggest private manager around the world. In United States, it has an expected 20% of the retail staple and 45% of the retail toy business. This makes it the biggest staple retailer that exists in United States. Wal-Mart has its activities in United Kingdom as ASDA, Mexico as Walmex and Japan as the Seiyu Co. Ltd. Anyway in 2006, tasks in South Korea and Germany must be shut and sold by the board in view of an exceptionally serious market and supported misfortunes that it had brought about (Davies 1997). Need article test on One Nation Under Wal-Mart point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue Our Customers Often Tell EssayLab scholars: What amount do I need to pay somebody to make my paper now? Authorities recommend: Essay Help Provided Here With Beneficial Facilities! Modest Essays Not Plagiarized Professional Writer For Hire Do My Assignment Best Essay Writing Company The Wal-Mart stores, division of the United States is the biggest business auxiliary bringing about the 67.2% net deals of the financial year 2006. The Wal-bazaar stores, Inc, additionally works under two portions: the Sams CLUB and the Wal-Mart stores sections. Supercenters, Walmart.com, neighborhood markets and markdown stores include the Wal-shop stores portions. The local markets is involved solidified food, paper products, pharmaceuticals, family unit synthetic compounds, photograph handling, dry staple, pastry shop, meat, pet supplies, magnificence helps and general product offices (Shaw Barry 2007). At present, Wal-shop is perhaps the biggest organization on the planet and has made a lot of its encouraging in retail. It has in excess of 4,750 stores with an expected 138 million customers who visit these stores week after week. The organization has figured out how to vanquish pretty much every side of America expanding its fortifications in both the country South and Midwest and furthermore urban America. The companys commercial center is ground-breaking with the end goal that it is assessed that 82% of the families in America buy a thing from Wal-Mart yearly. Families staples are controlled at 30% of the market, 15% and 15-20% all things considered and all CDs are sold individually. Wal-Mart is likewise behind the importation of 10% of all products from China to United States (Shaw Barry 2007). Answers to Discussion Questions Question one I for one like Wal-Mart as a buyer since it is the biggest retail organization that exists in United States of America. I shop at Wal-Marts much of the time in light of the fact that the costs offered at Wal-bazaars are less expensive contrasted with other retail locations in my general vicinity of home. Aside from the low costs it certifications to shoppers, it additionally offers a wide scope of items running from gadgets, photograph handling and toys to basic food item items. These things are promptly accessible consistently and at reasonable costs. I like Wal-Mart stores in light of the different exercises that it offers to human humankind and other improvement exercises comprehensively. It utilizes about 1.8 million individuals worldwide in the in excess of 3,900 stores in United States of America and in excess of 2,799 stores in the west of the world (Shaw Barry 2007). In spite of the modest costs that Wal-Mart offers, I don't care for its arrangements with respect to its workers. This is on the grounds that laborers in Wal-Mart store win low wages; they are additionally given low paces of the worker medical coverage, instances of supposed sexism and a large group of different issues. Question two There is a Wal-Mart store in my general vicinity of home that offers a wide scope of items. The effect of the store on the nearby network has been blended. The Wal-Mart store has made both positive and negative impacts on the nearby buyers thus changing customer conduct also. Wal-Mart store has had a greater amount of negative impacts to my locale when contrasted with the beneficial things it has accomplished for us. It has had a lot of achievement on customers part through the modest and reasonable costs of merchandise it offers henceforth pulling in a serious huge number of buyers who want to buy from the store than buying from different stores. Another positive effect that Wal-Mart has made in my general vicinity of home is work age to the neighborhood network. Its numerous stores that are spread all through the state make many profession chances to a great many people who are jobless. Anyway the negative effects that Wal-Mart store has made in my locale outperforms by a wide margin the great perspectives that it has created. Wal-Mart store has expanded rivalry with the different business because of the lower costs it offers constraining different business to shut down despite the fact that they were set up some time in the past before Wal-Marts presence in the network. Purchasers have decided to go to Wal-Mart and this has incredibly influenced the deals of these different organizations that thusly make misfortunes along these lines. At the end of the day, Wal-Mart has demolished other neighborhood organizations in my general vicinity of home. In spite of the work creation that Wal-store offers, one worker turnover rate has been high in my locale in view of the low pay rate it offers to its representatives. A section from the low compensation rates, these workers have constrained advantages given to them joined by the low paces of medical coverage. This has come a bout into purchaser obstruction that begins with the representatives themselves. Due to these components costs have been moved to the citizens and different organizations that are compelled to pay the underinsured representatives of Wal-Mart in a roundabout way. Because of the poor compensation that Wal-Mart offers to the representatives in my locale, these laborers have been compelled to depend on food stamps, open guide, lodging vouchers and state wellbeing sponsorships in addition to other things. In addition, because of the low work costs it offers, the makers of customer products in my general vicinity have been compelled to decrease their work costs also thus driving them bankrupt. The Wal-Mart store in my locale has gotten disliked at this point it offers modest costs for products and enterprises. It appears to work out for purchasers who are just purchasers of these products however for laborers, makers and different foundations, it has accomplished more damage than anything else. I would bolster the possibility of an adversary new store to be opened in my general vicinity that will offer incredible rivalry to Wal-Mart. I would bolster whatever other new organization that is prepared to set up high worker measures than what Wal-Mart is as of now offering. I won't be agreeable to some other extra Wal-Mart branch opening in my locale in light of the fact that Wal-Mart has low principles for its laborers in spite of the low costs it at present proposals for its products and enterprises. It has low business morals with respect to workers. Presenting another part of its own will prompt restraining infrastructure rehearses in the network. Question Three I feel that the ascent to retail predominance by Wal-store would affect the general public contrarily. Retail strength implies that Wal-Mart directs different organizations just as customer conduct in a general public. Rivalry is made between Wal-Mart and different organizations, for example, the general stores who can't adapt to the low expenses of products that Wal-Mart offers since they (markets) get their merchandise presumably at a greater expense thus bringing down would mean creation misfortunes in their business. Ascend in retail strength will result to Wal-Marts correspondence on what it offers both the purchaser and workers as far as nature of items and wages individually. Strength by Wal-Mart will simply mean one more development of private enterprise and Walmartization in America. Free enterprise is a kind of monetary framework whereby a bigger piece of creation and dissemination is exclusive simply like what we see in Wal-Mart. Business morals for this situation will undoubtedly go down as a result of the predominance such morals include: the work practices and personal satisfaction that will be offered to the representatives. Along these lines strength makes free enterprise and this implies Wal-Marts retail predominance will make the creation and dispersion procedures to be completely claimed by Wal-Mart. Retail Dominance will negatively affect laborers. This implies the strategy of the laborers will be dictated by Wal-Mart laborers will keep accepting low wages and there will be significant employment lay-offs. The turnover rate will be high and furthermore the expenses on the citizen will be expanded. Question four A retailer can get two enormous and henceforth incredible. This can be found on account of Wal-Mart as it controls the costs it purchases merchandise with. The low retail value it offers has had major unfriendly impacts on different organizations and it has acquainted significant expenses with these organizations. This has applied a great deal of weight on these organizations. Wal-store Company can be supposed to be an incredible organization in the around the world. A section from being the universes biggest retailer, Wal-Mart is additionally the biggest organization overall outperforming General engines, Exxon Mobil and General Electronic. It applies its capacity to set up the most minimal costs to its purchasers. Wal-Mart has the ability to direct costs, consequently different business or makers need to lay off their representatives or close their plants and thusly, they settle on abroad items. All in all, I concur that a retailer can turn out to be excessively amazing similarly as experienced in Wal-Marts case. Question Five As I would like to think, I don't think the resistance of Wal-Marts extension process is causing any obstruction with out market forms however it could be a piece of a political procedure in that legislators discolor the companys name to increase political votes. Government officials could be utilizing the shortcomings of the organization so as to pick up their political stand and quality. Then again I think the adversaries of Wal-shop have substantial concerns. This is on the grounds that Wal-Mart ineffectively pays its representatives by offering low wages to them. Wal-Mart has mama

Spss In Banking Or Audit Company Example

Spss In Banking Or Audit Company Example Spss In Banking Or Audit Company â€" Math Problem Example > Introduction In the last decade there has been liberalization of bank activities which have been traditionally been under very strict regulation and given protection from external competition. This has resulted in a situation where foreign banks that initially played a marginal having substantial investments in foreign countries especially in the middle-income and developing countries (Dunning, 1977). The activities of the foreign banks come in various forms including acquiring domestic institutions that have extensive branch networks to establishing representative offices with the aim of serving a niche market segment. It has been the interest of researchers to find out what determines the form of investments banks takes and the effect of this on their overall performance. Banks may have several modes of investments when venturing in foreign countries including operating as locally chartered, operating as independently capitalized subsidiaries or operating as branches on the moth er banks in the foreign countries (Clarke, 2003). There are two prominent reasons that make bankers, bank users and policy makers to have keen interest on operations of foreign banks in host countries. The foreign bank operations may affect to a great extent the competitiveness of the domestic banking systems, having a threat on the market share and profits in addition to having a considerable effect on the price and quality of services offered in the host country. Foreign subsidiaries which have extensive networks give direct competition to local banks for clients while on the other foreign banks with single branch will tend to concentrate on specific segments like wholesale and investment banking which have a tendency to have low development in the host countries. second, branches and subsidiaries involve a varied level of parent bank responsibilities and financial involvement. More often subsidiaries act as separate entities from the parent banks, while for cases of branches th e parent banks will be responsible for the liabilities under their branches. This often has implications for both the parent banks and the local regulators (Focarelli, 2001; Galindo 2003). Research ObjectivesThe study aim was to investigate the difference in the performance banks with international operations considering the following variables: home origin, number of foreign countries with investments, turnover in home country, turnover in foreign country, profit in home country and profit in foreign country. The variable in this study were The number of country where the bank operates gives the details on the number of countries in which the banks in this study is operating. Home country turnover gives the margin of the turnover of the banks in this study in their home country. Foreign country turnover gives the total margin of turnover of banks in this study in all the foreign countries they operate. Profit made in home country (loss) which is a representation of the amount of p rofit (loss) that that is in its country of origin. Profit made in foreign country (loss) which is a representation of the amount of profit (loss) that that is in all the foreign countries that the bank is operating. Type of invest: clarify whether the bank has a subsidiary or branch as its form of foreign investment

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION and TRAINING Free Essay Example, 3250 words

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION and TRAINING Inequalities in economic aspects will have a major impact on the people’s personal, professional and importantly social life. Thus people will have different social backgrounds based on their economic status and that could impact other facets of their life, including education. That is, differences in economic and social aspects will normally lead to categorization of people into different classes, from high, middle to low. It is assumed (may not be the norm) that people belonging to high class (economically and socially), will have a lot going for them starting from their birth to education, profession, personal life, etc. On the other hand, people from the supposed low class may not be able to get all the constructive things. Although, they may be interested to access all the constructive things particularly education, because of their economic and social drawbacks, they may not be able to do that. In those cases, the role of go vernment and other governing bodies assumes so much importance. From earlier times, government has been coming up with various policies and steps, to give them a platform or backup to aid them in their endeavours. We will write a custom essay sample on CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION and TRAINING or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This is particularly visible in the educational sector. Education plays an important part in the intellectual and mental development of any individual. Education is an imperative part of human life as it directs person particularly young children towards his/her progress. Thus, lack of education could take the lives of people in the negative direction. Although, this is not a norm, as many people without education are shining in various fields, however, the fact is, education provides them the platform to learn a lot of things, and importantly gives them the confidence to go for various optimum targets. To fulfil this motive only, government has been giving free or subsidized education to the needy target group. Although, this government policy and social initiative is aiding a lot of children and providing positive results, some scepticism has arisen due to the new studies, which show that social background determines pupils success. That is, even if the economically and thereby socially disadvantaged people are given free education in the form of Free Schools and City Academies, it does not guarantee their success. This implies that the children’s social status is the reason for their lack of success, and the government should reconsider or even stop its free or subsidized education, as it does not lead to success.

Basic Home Computer Network and Computer Network Security...

Introduction Generally, computer network security systems and structures considered robust are preceded not by software and hardware but by careful planning. A typical computer network security plan must take into consideration a wide range of security risks and vulnerabilities and from that, develop a road map to reduce such exposure. Given the need to protect the integrity and confidentiality of data as well as other system quality attributes, the need to mitigate exposure cannot be overstated. Security Risks In regard to security risks, key considerations include what I should be protected against and some of the main vulnerabilities common in home networks. Vulnerabilities Basically, home network vulnerability can be taken to be a network weak spot that can be utilized by security threats. According to Gervasi (2005), home network is exposed to various cyber attacks through the Internet, and has security vulnerability such as hacking, malignancy code, worm and virus, DoS (Denial of Service) attack, communication network tapping... Other vulnerabilities include but are not limited to insecure network architecture and design as well as flaws in password management. There are various ways of identifying and getting rid of vulnerabilities in home networks. These include the utilization of tools designed to carry out vulnerability scans and carrying out an audit of possible risks. What to be Protected Against Today, given the fact that electronic connectivity hasShow MoreRelated Business Report Proposal Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Report Proposal I. Introduction: Statement of Problem. In 2003, the company experienced a major increase of problems with the Local Area Network (LAN). The LAN downtime has double from previous years. 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There are a certain number of benefits of using an SOE: †¢ Take little time toRead MoreReport Proposal1923 Words   |  8 PagesWITH THE COMPANY S COMPUTER SYSTEM AND LAN This report is in response to the various security and maintenance problem this company has experiencd over years. I propose to study the problem and develop a baseline defense in handling procedures for personnel using computers and the local area network (LAN). My proposal, written for Information Management Office and staff, will cover these areas: 1. An assessment of the problem and the need for this report 2. The proposed plan is covered in phases

Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Hospitality Industry

Question: Discuss about theTourism and Hospitality Marketingfor Hospitality Industry. Answer: Introduction The service sector in Australia is expanding and has been a major contributor in the growth of the economy. The competition of hospitality industry is rising and hence it is essential for the industries to innovate new techniques in its business in order to attract new consumers. Marketing is an activity of promoting its technique and service to customers in order to maximize its profit. The author chooses Park Hyatt to discuss the marketing strategies used by the hotel and the new experience product that it intends to incorporate in itshotel. Park Hyatt in Australia is a franchise of Hyatt an American company. Park Hyatt is in Melbourne and Sydney. The hotel in Melbourne has a unique location and the concentration of hotel is on personalized services that it provides to its customers. The location of the hotel is in middle of city and the interior is designed in such a way that it helps in attracting customers. The new remote that controls all the activities in the hotel room is an innovation in the hospitality industry. The report discusses the strategies used by the organization to promote its brand experience (Huang and Hsu 2009). It mentions the target customers and the positioning strategies used by the organization to differentiate its service. It also mentions the promotion strategies used by the organization to communicate the new product to the desired target market. Figure: Park Hyatt hotel in Australia (Source: Melbourne 2016). Analysis and Discussion Description of the Proposed Experience-Based Product Park Hyatt in Melbourne plans to develop a remote control device that will control all the activities of customers in the room. The activities of the customers will be linked to the mobile phone from where the customers will be able to control its activities. This will helps the customer live a luxury life where the control of all the activities will be in their hand. The remote control that is connected with the phone and tablets can be use to browse the channels, control the air conditioner temperature, select favorite movies and order them, order favorite food from the menu of the restaurant and control other activities as well. This will help the customers lead a relaxed life and give a wide range of option for the entertainment. The activities in hotels can be controlled when the customer is not in room (Kseoglu et al. 2013). When the customer enters the room, they are treated with curtains automatically opening and a soothing music that is very relaxing for the customer. The cu stomer can then control and operate television, air conditioner, lights, music and curtains with just one touch. The operations and control changes according to the mood of customers that is the light intensity, and the type of music. It captures the mood of customers and provides them with experience according to their mood. It is an innovation in hotel industry that is mainly done to attract customers and give them new experience (Hoque 2013). Figure: Remote controlling activities (Source: Melbourne 2016). Theme of the New Experience Based Product As per my view, the main aim of hotel developing the remote control is to provide new experience to the customers and increase the customer base. This is mainly done to achieve competitive advantage and fight over its competitors. The theme of developing a new product is to give a luxury life to its customers where they can enjoy their holiday to the fullest. As per my view, people mostly stay in hotel when they come of trip or for holiday. I believe that the customers expect to live a life that is relaxing and luxurious. Hence, the main aim of the hotel is to fulfill the desires of the customers and give them happiness. The second objective of launching the product is to attract larger customers and stand as the worlds lading hotel industry (Kandampully et al. 2015). The product is developed to make the travel of the customers more convenient as it gives the customer facility of booking the cars, ordering room service, get the luggage picked and various other facilities. Decision Making Process and its Application Remote controlling activities were developed by the hotel to provide new experience to the customers and make their travel easier. The decision of developing the product was done by the leaders and CEO of Park Hyatt by analyzing the lifestyle and behavior of customers. It was developed by an IT company in Australia to meet the needs of the customer and maximize their satisfaction. The decision of developing the product was not just taken by the CEO of the organization but by the employees as well. The customers were also involved in plan. The aim to develop the new product was to increase the experience of customers. The product was mainly targeted to the travelers. The decision of developing the product was to provide quality service to the customers and achieve competitive advantage in the market. The experience that the customers get is to increase the pleasure that they get from travelling. Target Markets Target markets are the customers whom the organization targets to sell its products or services. It is essential for the organization to set a well defined target market in order to develop its brand and product and sell it in the market. Target market is created with customers that have same need and desires. The market is segmented on the basis of various factors and categories (Fller and Matzler 2008). These include: Geographic segmentation: customers that are segmented on the basis of area and region. Demographic segmentation- customers that are segmented on the basis of population, age, sex and gender. Social and cultural segmentation- customers that are segmented on the basis culture, religion, social status, income and attitude. Behavioral segmentation- customers that are segmented on the basis of beliefs, occasion, behavior and lifestyle (Fyall et al. 2003). Targeting right customers is essential for promoting its brands as the success of a company lies in the hands of customers. Park Hyatt in Melbourne targets customer from all over the world. Its target market is broad that includes customers of all age and place. Hence, there is no geographical restriction. In case of Park Hyatt, customers are mainly from outside Australia such as Paris, India, United Kingdom and United States of America. Park Hyatt is a grand and luxurious hotel that provides new experience to its customers (Leonidou et al. 2013). Not all the people can afford to stay at hotel, as the price charged by organization is high. Hence, it targets customers that have high income and social status. The customers of Park Hyatt are travelers that love to live a luxury life and experience new technologies. While developing remote control technique to control the activities park Hyatt will target customers that are technology friendly so that they are able to use the technologies without any confusion. The target customers are both male and female. It mainly targets couples that have just married and plans to spend their honeymoon in the hotel. Park Hyatt hotel aims at satisfying the customer. It mainly targets customers that stay in hotel for holiday purpose and not business purpose as people who travel for business purpose spend most of their time in doing work staying outside the hotel (Williams 2006). They do not have time to watch television or listen to music. Hence, those travelers are targeted who travel for holiday purpose and have income and social status. Positioning Strategy Positioning strategy is a marketing strategy that is used to distinguish brand experience from its competitors. This is done by creating a distinguishable and suitable image through advertisement to attract customers and fight over its competitors. This is done by adding utilitarian and luxurious measures through advertising to distinguish its products and services from other services. Various ways can be used to distinguish its products and services from its substitutes. A service and product can be distinguished by using pricing strategy that is providing the service at a lower price than its competitors are. It can be distinguished on the basis of quality, price, service and experience that it is providing to its customers (Gilmore and Pine 2002). A new experience based product is developed by Park Hyatt in Melbourne to create a unique brand name and differentiate its service from other hospitality industry. Though the prices of Park Hyatt is higher than the other hotels across th e world and Australia it does not use pricing strategies to fight over its competitors and create a unique brand image. The major concentration of Park Hyatt is to provide great experience and services to its customers. Hence, the strategy used by the hotel to create a unique brand image is on the basis of service that it provides to its customers (Ryan 1991). The main aim of developing a new experience based product that is remote controlling activity was to make a position in the hospitality industry and provide a new experience to the customers. The major competitors of Park Hyatt in Australia are Hotel Windsor, Park royal and Swissotel. In order to create a unique position it is essential for the Park Hyatt to consider the strategies used by its competitors that help them attain a number one position and then formulate strategies accordingly. Incorporation and development of new remote control that controls the activities inside the room helps the hotel attain a unique position because such new experience based product has not been developed by any other hotel in Australia. Park Hyatt differentiates its services by providing customers new experiences and high quality service. The design and the interiors of the hotel is unique that gives new luxurious experience to the customers (Phillips and Moutinho 2000). Identifying the position of the hotel depends on the customers and pleasure that they derive by staying at the hotel. Since the new experience based product that is the remote control is expensive and hence the price ch arged by Park Hyatt is higher than other hotels in Australia. However the customer love to spend their holiday by staying at Park Hyatt because of the experience and service that they get from the hotel. Figure: Perceptual mapping of Park Hyatt (Source: created by author) Promotion Strategies Promotion strategies are the methods that are used to market the product or the service in the market to the target customers. Various promotion strategies are there to promote the product such as advertisement, word of mouth, direct sale, use of internet, promotion in social media, advertisements in magazines and televisions. Promotion strategies are the way of communicating the service and the products to the target customers and market. Developing a new product is not just the solution to achieve competitive position. It is essential to make the consumers aware of the product or the service that the organization has developed. Promotion strategies is not just used to advertise the product it is used to increase the consumer awareness and make the consumers aware that such product exists in sector (Heide and Grnhaug 2009). The new experience based product that Park Hyatt plans to develop will be promoted to the customers by the use of advertisement and social media. The information of the product will be published in the website of the hotel. Its pictures and information will be published and advertised in news paper and magazines and also in journals that is concerned with hospitality industry. Word of mouth is also one of the useful tool to promote the new experience based product or service (Buhalis 2000). If the consumers enjoy using the product then they will promote it by suggesting the product and services to other customers. Sharing the experiences of the services and products in internet will also be used by the organization to promote the service and product. Conclusion Developing new experience service based product is necessary for the hotels to achieve competitive advantage and give new luxurious experience to customers. Park Hyatt in Australia plans to develop remote control that controls all the activities of customers in room. The aim of the report was to analyze the strategies used by the hotel to promote its new experience based product. It analyzes the target customers that it plans to market its products and services. The main concentration of Park Hyatt is on the services that it gives to its customers. References Aghdaie, M.H. and Alimardani, M., 2015. Target market selection based on market segment evaluation: a multiple attribute decision making approach.International Journal of Operational Research,24(3), pp.262-278. Buhalis, D., 2000. Marketing the competitive destination of the future.Tourism management,21(1), pp.97-116. Fller, J. and Matzler, K., 2008. Customer delight and market segmentation: An application of the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction on life style groups.Tourism management,29(1), pp.116-126. Fyall, A., Callod, C. and Edwards, B., 2003. Relationship marketing: The challenge for destinations.Annals of tourism research,30(3), pp.644-659. Gilmore, J.H. and Pine II, B.J., 2002. Differentiating hospitality operations via experiences: Why sellign services is not enough.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,43(3), p.87. Heide, M. and Grnhaug, K., 2009. Key factors in guests' perception of hotel atmosphere.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,50(1), pp.29-43. Hoque, K., 2013.Human resource management in the hotel industry: Strategy, innovation and performance. Routledge. Huang, S. and Hsu, C.H., 2009. Travel motivation: linking theory to practice.International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research,3(4), pp.287-295. Kandampully, J., Zhang, T. and Bilgihan, A., 2015. Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), pp.379-414. Kseoglu, M.A., Topaloglu, C., Parnell, J.A. and Lester, D.L., 2013. Linkages among business strategy, uncertainty and performance in the hospitality industry: Evidence from an emerging economy.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, pp.81-91. Leonidou, L.C., Leonidou, C.N., Fotiadis, T.A. and Zeriti, A., 2013. Resources and capabilities as drivers of hotel environmental marketing strategy: Implications for competitive advantage and performance.Tourism Management,35, pp.94-110. Marinova, A., Murphy, J. and Massey, B.L., 2002. Permission e-mail marketing as a means of targeted promotion.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,43(1), p.61. Melbourne, P. (2016). Park Hyatt Melbourne | 5 Star Luxury Accommodation. [online] Melbourne.park.hyatt.com. Available at: https://melbourne.park.hyatt.com/en/hotel/home.html [Accessed 23 Sep. 2016]. Otto, J.E. and Ritchie, J.B., 1996. The service experience in tourism.Tourism management,17(3), pp.165-174. Phillips, P.A. and Moutinho, L., 2000. The Marketing Planning Index: A Tool for Measuring Strategic Marketing Effectiveness in the Hospitality Sector.Strategic Management in Tourism, p.283. Pine, B.J. and Gilmore, J.H., 2013. The experience economy: past, present and future.Handbook on the experience economy, p.21. Ryan, C., 1991. Tourism and marketinga symbiotic relationship?.Tourism Management,12(2), pp.101-111. Williams, A., 2006. Tourism and hospitality marketing: fantasy, feeling and fun.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,18(6), pp.482-495.

Separation Essays - A Jury Of Her Peers, Minnie, Trifles

Separation Between Sexes Since the time when Eve set herself apart from Adam by consuming the forbidden fruit, there always has been vast differences in the way men and women conduct themselves. These differences are very common among sexes, and are also easy to distinguish. For instance, more women tend to cry in sad movies than men do. This is because women are more emotional than men and can often express their feelings easier. But probably the most popular difference between men and women would be how women have the ability to go shopping for an entire day whereas men will leave after they get what they want. These differences between men and women are constantly being portrayed in the media, and moreover literature. The piece of literature I will discuss is Susan Glaspell's A Jury of Her Peers, where Glaspell exemplifies the differences between men and women as they conduct their investigation of the murder of Mr. Wright. From the beginning of the investigation, the men and women had vast differences in the way they went about looking for substantial evidence. For instance, the men approached the house with confidence and seemed to feel indifferent towards the situation even though the murder victim was a close acquaintance. But the women approached the house with caution and hesitation. Mrs. Martha Hale's first thought as she encountered the crime scene was how in the past she thought, "I ought to go over and see Minnie Foster". Martha regretted the fact that she never visited her long time friend except when it was too late. Also, when the county attorney asked Mr. Hale what happened the day before, Mrs. Hale was worried that he would add unnecessary comments and make things harder on Minnie Foster. This indicates that Martha Hale immediately sympathized with Minnie Foster although she had done something as wrong as killing. Instead of acknowledging the fact that Minnie Foster committed murder, she looks past this and inquires what could possibly induce her to do so. Relevant to this go back to the idea that she wished she would've visited Minnie earlier. Martha Hale assumed that loneliness was a big factor which drove Minnie to do such a thing. Next, the attorney being a male, functioned as a robot would; he had no feelings towards what happened. Right after Mr. Hale told his version of what happened, the attorney continued with, "I guess we'll go upstairs first-then out to the barn and around there." The attorney didn't express any sympathy whatsoever, but was more concerned with getting on with the investigation. When the attorney found a mess of Minnie Foster's preserved fruit, Mrs. Hale replied with, "Oh-her fruit", and explained how Minnie was worried that the jars of her preserves might burst. On the other hand, Mr. Peters returned the statement with "Well, can you beat the woman! Held for murder, and worrying about her preserves!" But what separated the men from the women was when the sheriff decided that there was nothing but "kitchen things" in the kitchen which lead them upstairs in search for evidence. As the men moved upstairs, there were a number of significant differences in the way the men and women conducted the investigation. First of all, the men went upstairs and the women remained in the kitchen both in hopes of finding convicting evidence. The men, being more logical went straight to the crime scene, yet the women were more concerned with Minnie Foster's whereabouts and what she was doing around the time of the murder. Besides this, the women are more careful with everything and take the time to examine things thoroughly unlike the men who seem to rush things until they find what they want. For instance, Mrs. Hale noticed that the bag of sugar in the kitchen was half full, and remembered in her own home how she left the flour half sifted because she was interrupted. In result, Mrs. Hale concluded with the fact that Minnie Foster was interrupted for some reason and began to wonder what it was. Furthermore, when Mrs. Peters went to retrieve Minnie's clothes they examined how shabby it appeared and figured that when you look good, you feel good and that Minnie was not as happy as she used to be. Another example of the women's ways of careful observation is when Mrs. Peters found a quilt Minnie Foster began and wondered whether or not she quilted it or knotted it. Most men wouldn't look so far as to ask how the quilt was

Aids Essays (485 words) - HIVAIDS, Pandemics, HIV, HIVAIDS In Africa

Aids Essays (485 words) - HIVAIDS, Pandemics, HIV, HIVAIDS In Africa Aids AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV and Aids affect more than roughly thirty million people worldwide. Race, sex and age have nothing to do with who can get this disease, however, the race with the highest number of infected people happens to be Caucasian males ages 25-44. About forty-five percent of the 641,000 AIDS cases in the U.S. have been white people. Blacks arent far behind with over 35 percent of cases, and Hispanics have about 20 percent of all cases. Asians have less than anyone does, with 1 percent. Of the estimated 30.6 million people worldwide living with this horrible, life-threatening disease in 1997, about 68 percent were living in sub-Saharan Africa. 22 percent of all cases were in Southern and Eastern Asia and the Pacific, 4 percent in Latin America, 5 Percent in North America and the Caribbean, and 2 percent in Europe and Central Asia. In 1994 and 1995 AIDS was the leading cause of death among Americans ages 25-44 years old. It was also the leading cause of death for men in the same age group an d the third leading cause of death in women 25-44. Adult males are the leading sex to contract AIDS. They account for over 80 percent of all cases in the U.S. Adult women make up 15 percent and children make up the other 1- percent of the cases. (Encarta 99) People have been lead to believe so many fictional stories about the ways of contracting AIDS and HIV; its hard to know what to believe. The truth is, the main way of getting this disease is unprotected sex. Although condoms do work most of the time, they are not 100% effective. Abstinence is the only foolproof way of not being infected with this disease or one of the thousands of others. Besides sexual contact with a person carrying the AIDS virus or HIV, you can also be infected in many different ways. For example, although no one has actually contracts AIDS from contact with these things, HIV has been found in sweat, saliva and tears. People who are unsure about the AIDS status of their partner should actually be weary of kis sing them. There has not yet been a case attributed to kissing, however, there is still a potential for contraction. For awhile now there have been rumors of transmission by insects that suck blood and bite humans. Studies have shown no evidence of this, but the rumors are still claiming it could happen. Scientists and researchers have preformed experiments after experiments because of the overwhelming concern. They all have proved there is no cause to fear insects such as mosquitoes, because in HIV carriers dont have constant high levels of HIV in their bloodstream. Another reason is that an insect mouth parts dont hold large enough amounts of blood to transmit the disease. Bibliography Encarta 1999

56 Best Writing Websites of 2019 How to Achieve Writing Mastery

56 Best Writing Websites of 2019 How to Achieve Writing Mastery 56 Best Writing Websites of 2019 The Internet is full of writing websites and blogs to help writers reach their creative goals. If you’ve been dreaming of writing your own book, but don’t know how to get there - or if you’re done writing, but feel unsure about what to do next - then it’s your lucky day, because we have put the best writing websites of 2019 in one single place for your convenience. They’re also organized alphabetically and by categories, to make them easier to find. Enjoy! Check out some of the best writing websites of 2019 here! Writing craft and inspiration51. Goins, WriterAs a best-selling author, Jeff Goins created this blog to share his thoughts and tips on writing and to inspire others to chase after their creative dreams.52. Jane FriedmanWith abundant experience in the publishing industry and general business strategy, Jane Friedman offers online classes and articles on the process of book publishing.53. Janet Reid, Literary AgentAs a literary agent, Janet Reid offers her advice on mistakes and pitfalls that all writers should avoid when querying.54. Nail Your NovelAs a bestselling ghostwriter who now publishes under her own name, Â  Roz Morris provides writing advice and posts on self-publishing. If you are interested in becoming a ghostwriter, she also offers courses on how to reach your goal.55. Nathan BransfordNathan Bransford is a former literary agent who offers writing advice and a variety of posts on how publishing works and information on agents and self-publishing. He also does consultations , edits, and critiques. Plus, he’s a Reedsy professional!56. Rachelle GardnerAs a literary agent, Rachelle Gardner has negotiated over 200 contracts with over twenty publishers and gotten more than 100 authors to fulfil their dreams of publishing. In her blog, she offers writing, publishing, and social media coaching, along with tips on writing and publishing. Answer all your writing questions with these websites from industry professionals What are some of your favorite writing websites? Let us know in the comments below!

Soviet Unions Decision to Acquire Nuclear Weapons and how it Overcame Essay

Soviet Unions Decision to Acquire Nuclear Weapons and how it Overcame the Obstacles to Acquire Nuclear Weapons - Essay Example The use of nuclear weapons by the US at the end of the second world war and the fact that they kept it as a secret from the Soviet Union has created a fear for Soviet leadership that they might use it for dominating them (Krieger, 2005). The decision to make nuclear weapons was a political decision of Stalin. He made the decision in the same year the Second World War ended (Reed, 2010). It took only four years for Soviet Union to become nuclear. The first nuclear weapon that they fired was a copy of the bomb dropped in Nagasaki by the US. It added to their prestige and deterrent potential. The Soviet effort to develop nuclear weapon was led by Igor Kurchatov at a secret site known as Arzamas-16 (Cold War: A Brief History, 2011). They were helped by spies inside the Manhattan project, most notably by Klaus Fuchs. Fuchs had German origin, but took British citizenship and was send to US to work on the atom bomb. He passed detailed information on the project to the Soviet Union through a courier in 1945 (Klaus Fuchs , 2011). Using the detailed description made by Klaus Fuchs, Soviets constructed a similar copy of the Fat Man bomb (Cold War: A Brief History). It was tested at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan on August 29, 1949 and its estimated yield was about 22 kilotons (Cold War: A Brief History). He also passed information regarding hydrogen bomb in 1946 an 1947, but that were not very useful. Reports of the unusual explosive force of the atomic bomb appeared in Soviet press for the first time in Pravda on 13th October 1941. Medvedev (n.d.) points out that the release of a spontaneous chain reaction by the fission of uranium-235, which had been done in 1938 in Germany by Otto Hahn, and by Frederic Joliet-Curie in France, was independently discovered by the young Soviet physicists Georgy Flerov in Leningrad and Yulii Khariton in Moscow in 1939. In the United States, the possibility of developing atomic bomb was discussed in the press in 1940. Flerov beli eved that research was taking place in Germany and the US in the field of uranium fission. He sent a letter to Stalin saying that nothing is being published about the nuclear program and there is something suspicious (Soviet Atomic Bomb Project, 2011). In that letter, he wrote, â€Å"we must build uranium bomb without delay (Thomas B. Cochran, 1995)†. Intelligence officials of Moscow had definite information about this. In the Soviet system during that period, only Stalin got all secret intelligence information. Medvedev argues that the intelligence communications about the atom bomb were also seen and considered firstly by Stalin. In 1942, the Soviet secret service received information from Cairncross, Fuchs and Pontecorvo. They were diehard communists. Klaus Fuchs was a physicist and atomic scientist who left Germany in 1933. John Cairncross was the secretary of Lord Hankey, one of the war ministers of the War Cabinet. Bruno Pontecorvo, was an Italian emigre and close colla borator of the famous Enrico Fermi, who, in 1942, was the first person in the world to construct a nuclear reactor (Medvedev). They send information as goodwill and on their own initiative. Much of the information passed by them was scientific in nature and only a physicist could understand them. In May-June 1942, Kaftanov reported on a letter addressed to Stalin from the physicist Flerov, who explained in a much clearer way what the atomic bomb represented, and why Germany or the USA could possess this bomb in the not too distant future (Medvedev). On hearing Kaftanov’s report, Stalin walked about a little in his Kremlin office, thought, and said ‘it is necessary to act’ (Medvedev). By this time, the intelligence departments have gathered 2000 pages of technical information regarding atomic

Globalgiving and environmental study of the organization Essay

Globalgiving and environmental study of the organization - Essay Example The present study focuses on an analysis of the environmental factors associated with the registered charity thus studying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and realizing the competitive advantage of the organization in regard to its objectives and goals. In order to develop plans for any new project, or business and for the purpose of its marketing, often the need for a charity might occur. In such cases, registered charities are essential for the purpose to be fulfilled. Globalgiving is one such registered charity organization that allows the donation from donors in different projects as well as assist in the initiation of new projects across the US and the UK. The Globalgiving provides with the opportunities of getting connected to large number of donors as well as project initiators thus enhancing the chances and of the project or the business to reach out in the public. Through Globalgiving, the new projects have the opportunity to present their ideas and caus es behind along with contribution from the different donors for the successful achievement of the plan. In other words, new plans get the opportunity to raise funds by presenting their thoughts and participating in the challenges as organized by the organization. The micro environment factors associated with an organization include its customers, employees, suppliers, competitors, shareholders as well as the media. As far as the Globalgiving charity organization is concerned, the most effectively working factor is an excellent team. The organization believes in hiring people who are ardent and committed to their work. The purpose of the organization is to consider all the new and good plans for the achievement of a better world to live in. The team is accordingly worked out thus accepting and supporting the new and exciting plans for the common masses, as proposed by different individuals or groups (Our team, 2011). In regard to the customers and suppliers of the organization, it ca n be obtained that Globalgiving efficiently brings in the connection between the individuals or groups who are interested to donate for the causes and those who come up with the new plans and projects to be listed in the charity (How Globalgiving works, 2011). The macro environmental factors can be understood to be associated with the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal implications as reflected by the charity organization. As far as the Globalgiving charity is concerned, it can be realized that the organization has created a position of its own in the industry thereby having donors and new projects listed for its website. Its tendency of welcoming new plans can be understood to have a positive effect on the society as well as the economic conditions of business in a country. However, in this context it can also be stated that success of the organization and support of the new plans might be expected to create newer competitors for the charity organiz ations. In regard to Globalgiving as well, several other registered charities are available across the US and the UK

Concept of the Ideal Family Within the Volksgemeinschaft :: German Family Masculinity History Nazi Essays

Concept of the Ideal Family Within the Volksgemeinschaft Adolf Hitler and the Nazis esteemed Aryan women as heroes in Nazi Germany because of their ability to procreate. Women had no place in such an industrial society so they were encouraged to focus on their role as a dutiful wife and mother. They contributed to the Volksgemeinschaft by constructing the future generation and making more of the Aryan race. Thus, since all women were valued as the creators of the nation’s most important product—pure Aryan people—there were no restrictions on their sexual orientation. Women were allowed to become homosexuals while men were prosecuted and imprisoned for partaking in any homosexual offences. The Nazis were fervent in preserving the concept of the ideal family within the Volksgemeinschaft, and thus they reinforced masculinity within men and instilled the significance of maternity within the women. The textbook that high school students are studying in the Santa Ana School District barely emphasizes the topic of gender in Nazi Germany. Unfortunately, these high school sophomores will not be able to understand the significance of gender nor will they be able to see Nazi Germany in a different light. The authors of the textbook, however, emphasize the maternity role of the women. The Nazis dismissed women from their upper-level occupations so they could pursue the maternal role. It was the responsibility of the women to increase the birthrate of pure-blooded Aryans. Women were even offered rewards for having more children. Although the text highlights the importance of women in their household roles, it does not offer a comparison between men and women. The Nazis stressed the importance of maintaining a utopian society within the Volksgemeinschaft. Hitler wanted to keep Germany as pure as possible—meaning no Jews, no homosexual males, nothing outside of the citizens of the Aryan race. Laws were established to preserve the Aryan purity of Nazi Germany. The Reich Penal Code of 1871 was revised in 1935 as Germany had changed under the stronghold of its new leader, Hitler. Section 175 under the revised code listed the penalties for a sex offence between males: â€Å"A male who commits a sex offence with another male or allows himself to be used by another male for a sex offence shall be punished with imprisonment.

Atv Design Report

TEAM ID:60000 BAJA SAE INDIA 2012 DESIGN REPORT Copyright  © 2009 SAE International TEAM: THE CONRODS AUTHOR: K. SUBHASH BABU. CO-AUTHOR: KARN JAIN. ABSTRACT The objectives of the mini-Baja competition are to design and manufacture a â€Å"fun to drive†, versatile, safe, durable, and high performance off road vehicle. Team members must ensure that the vehicle satisfies the limits of set rules, while also to generating financial support for the project, and managing their educational responsibilities. This vehicle must be capable of negotiating the most extreme terrain with confidence and ease.The 2012 SRM UNIVERSITY Mini-Baja Team, THE CONRODS met these objectives by dividing the vehicle into its major component subsystems. By examining the 2011 entry, the team was able improve on many design features to better meet the stated requirements. Function Diagram (QFD) to determine which parameters were the most critical. These key parameters ranging from most critical to least cr itical are safety, reliability, low cost, ease of operation and maintenance, and overall performance. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:ENGINE Type Displacement Compression Ratio Max Power Max Torque DRIVE TRAIN Transmission Gear Shift Mechanism SUSPENSION Front Suspension Rear Suspension Ground Clearance Shocks and Springs Front Susp. Travel Rear Susp. Travel WHEELS Front Tyres Rear Tyres BRAKES Working Fluid Type Pedal Ratio M C Bore Dia W C Bore Dia Brake Disc Dia STEERING Type Mechanism Steering Ratio Lock to lock angle 4 Stroke, OHV,B&S 304 cc 8:1 7. 5 KW @ 3600 rpm 18. 5 Nm @ 2600 rpm Mahindra Champion Alfa (forward Orientation) Sequential Double Wishbone Double Wishbone 11. inches Customized 5 inches 6. 5 inches 22*8-10 22*8-10 Dot-3 Oil All Wheel Disc 4:1 0. 8 inch 1. 6 inch 6 inch Ackermann Rack and Pinion 10. 7:1 400 INTRODUCTION&CONSUMER INFLUENCES THE CONRODS BAJA SAEINDIA vehicle is designed as a prototype for manufacture by an outdoor recreation firm. The ideal vehicle is safe, simple and inexpensive. Additionally, the vehicle is attractive to potential buyers in both its visual appearance and performance. These characteristics are considered in design of the following major vehicle subsystems: frame, suspension, steering, and braking.Before any design could begin, we had to understand exactly who our customers are and their needs. To gain this understanding, we did extensive research that included market survey and interviewing both professional and nonprofessional local off-road enthusiasts. With this research, we determined that our customers are the BAJA SAEINDIA event and non-professional weekend off-road enthusiasts. We felt it necessary to distinguish between the two to ensure that we followed all rules set by SAEINDIA INDIA and to accommodate the weekend off-road enthusiasts in a safe manner within the SAEINDIA rules.With all necessary design parameters determined for each customer base, we were able to combine them for an overall list of design s pecifications that met all SAEINDIA requirements. We used these parameters to create a Qualitative 1|P ag e Turning radius 2. 7 meters CHASSIS/OVERALL DIMENSIONS Chassis Material IS 3074 CDS1 Tubular Frame Overall Length 2100 mm Wheel Base 1490 mm Wheel Track 1143. 2 mm Height of Vehicle 1520. 0 mm WEIGHTS Front Wheel Assembly 10 Kg Rear Wheel Assembly 11. 8 Kg Engine(with engine oil) 23 Kg Transmission(with 17 Kg lubricant) Chassis 55 Kg Dampers 8 Kg Expected Kerb Weight 260 KgTARGET SPECIFICATIONS: Parameters Speed Stopping Distance Acceleration Gradability Turning circle dia. Ground Clearance Emissions Values 40 km/h 7m 11. 6 seconds 82. 2% 5. 4 m 11. 6 inches BS III the planes created by the roll cage and the driver’s helmet. SAEINDIA also require a 3 inch envelope when a straight-edge is applied to any two tubing. Emphasis was placed on creating an easily manufactured roll cage with few parts, minimal welding and yet is still both light and strong, hence the numbers of b ends were kept to a minimum.Roll hoop Overhead members and Forward Bracing Members are one continuous bent tube. Lower Frame Side tubes are straight and are bent inwards to connect to the front suspension mounts. The Side Impact Member is a single tube with a single bend that encompass the car from the Rear Roll Hoop forward. The foot box of the vehicle is shaped by the LFS, SIM and straight tubes welded to the upper side impact tube forming a hexagonal front bulkhead taking into consideration the suspension design and reduction in dead space based on experience from the 2011 entry. A 3-D view of the car is shown below: FRAME DESIGNOBJECTIVE & FRAME CONFIGURATION The objective of the chassis is to encapsulate all Components of the car including a driver efficiently and safely. With a limited amount of power, the focus is primarily on the power to weight ratio of the vehicle. The only means to improve this critical parameter is to reduce the overall vehicle weight. Great care is take n in laying out the chassis. SAEINDIA requires each vehicle conform to a 95percentile male for all ergonomic evaluations of the design. The pertinent information is taken from â€Å"Body-space Anthropometry, Ergonomics and Design† by Stephen Pheasant.Several key safety factors in the design process dictate chassis roll cage layout and foot box design. For the roll cage, SAEINDIA requires 6 inches of clearance measured from the inside of Principal aspects of the chassis focused on during the design and implementation included driver safety, suspension and drive-train integration, structural rigidity, weight, and operator ergonomics. The number one priority in the chassis design was driver Page | 2 safety. With the help of the 2012 Baja SAEINDIA Competition Rules and Finite Element Analysis (FEA), design assurance was able to take place.Rear Impact Next rear, impact analysis was done while assuming 15,000N as the impact force. STRESS: SMX-172. 22 N/mm2 FOS:2. 43 MATERIAL SELECT ION: Two materials were considered for the construction of the chassis: AISI 4130 and IS 3074 CDS 1. IS 3074 CDS 1 steel with an OD of 25. 4 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm was chosen because it exceeds the bending stiffness and strength requirements of SAEINDIAINDIA which gives increased protection to driver. PROPERTY Tensile strength(N/sq. mm) Yield strength(N/sq. mm) Elongation on 50 mm G. L Density (g/cc) IS 3074 438 376 32% 7. 872 AISI 4130 760 460 27% 7. 5 Side Impact The next step in the analysis was to analyse a side impact with a 5000N load. As a side impact is most likely to occur with the vehicle being hit by another MiniBaja vehicle it was assumed that neither vehicle would be a fixed object. STRESS: 237. 49 N/mm2 FOS: 1. 77 It was found out that the bending stiffness and bending strength of IS 3074 CDS are greater than those of 1018 steel having a circular cross section of 25. 4 mm and 3 mm thickness LOADING ANALYSIS: To properly approximate the loading that the vehicle will encounter, an analysis of the impact loading seen in the various types of impact scenarios was required.To properly model the impact force, the deceleration of the vehicle after impact is generally assumed to be zero. To approximate the worst case scenario that the vehicle will see, research into the forces the human body can endure was completed. It was assumed that this worst case collision would be seen when the vehicle runs into stationary, rigid object. Front Impact The first analysis to be completed was that of a front collision with a stationary object. In this case a deceleration of 20,000N was the assumed loading. STRESS: SMX-177. 81 N/mm2 FOS: 2. 36Rollover Impact The Final step in the analysis was to analyse the stress on the roll cage caused by rollover with a 5000N load on the cage. The Loading was applied to the two upper forward corner of the perimeter hoop with a combination vector sideways and downward. The load was chosen to be on two corners as this would be a worst case scenario rollover. STRESS: 267 N/mm2 FOS:1. 57 FABRICATION To maximize the geometrical consistency of the fabricated chassis, all fixturing and measurements were based on a single fixed coordinate system relative to a rigid table on which the chassis and all components were bolted.Through the use of this table and good fixturing practices, the team was able to best assure that the chassis geometry, especially Page | 3 in critical sections such as the suspension pickup points, correlated closely with the design specifications. In addition, measuring from aFixed location minimized tolerance stack-up due to measurement error and component movement results. We have decided to fabricate the second hub since it has minimum weight and optimized FOS. *Material Used to manufacture the hubs-High Carbon Steel *Hardening Process Done-Cyaniding SPACE IN DRIVER COMPARTMENT:DRIVER EROGONOMICS Driver ergonomics has been our major concern during design of the frame and also during posi tioning of various systems in drivers cabin. Cabin is made spacious for safe and comfortable. All the cables and wires are routed properly so that they would not interfere with driver legs or hands. all the routings are done in design stage itself and ROH is raised to a suitable height so that it would give proper vision to the driver DRIVERS VISION WINDOW: SUSPENSION Objective: A Mini-Baja suspension system must satisfy the following design requirements.Control movement at the wheels during vertical suspension travel and steering, both of which influence handling and stability. Provide sufficient sprung mass vibration isolation to maintain satisfactory ride quality, while maintaining high tire-ground contact rate and low tire vertical load fluctuation rate to improve road holding and handling. Improve jumping performance by limiting sprung mass pitch displacement while the vehicle is airborne. Limit chassis roll during cornering to prevent roll-over, decrease roll camber, and there fore, decrease steering reaction time and slip angle induced drag forces.Prevent excessively high jacking forces by managing static roll center location and roll center migration. Limit lateral tire scrub to maintain straight line stability and minimize horsepower losses at the rear suspension. Control lateral load transfer distribution to influence both steady state and limit of adhesion over steer/under steer handling characteristics. The non-professional weekend off road enthusiast requires a vehicle which exhibits both safe, stable, responsive handling; and a soft, comfortable ride . DRIVERS VIEW OF THE CABIN: Alternatives considered:Several different types of suspension system were considered before selecting the independent unequal arm double wishbone suspension system for both front and rear. Unequal double A-arm: In the design, suspension is supported by triangulated Aarm at the top and bottom of the knuckle. Advantages: *Improved ride quality *Good road holding *Rigid links *More control over geometry *Wheel control is precise *Negative camber gain during vertical suspension travel. Page | 4 FRONT SUSPENSION Setting static roll Centre: A two dimensional sketch was made after estimating the Centre of mass of the vehicle on paper.Various references were taken to make a 2D sketch these include: ? ? ? ? Track width of vehicle Front hub king pin axis inclination, king pin length, ball joint dimension Rim off set(for king pin positioning) Wishbone mounting point lengths rebound. Since we could not find springs that were less stiff than this we decided to go for the Auto springs as it satisfied our ride comfort requirements. A stiffer spring was required in the rear to achieve the coupling effect of suspension so as to convert the pitching motion into a bouncing motion. REAR SUSPENSION:The primary concern in designing the rear suspension was to get the maximum possible travel (jounce and rebound) such that the rear driving wheels were always kept in contact with the ground. The camber change in the rear wheels should be such that there is not much appreciable change in camber throughout the travel of the wheel. The other factor taken into account was that we were having issues with the rear suspension in last year’s design as it was observed that the drive shaft coupling was coming in contact with the lower wishbone in the rebound condition and this issue has been addressed and rectified in this year’s design.The rear suspension wheel rate was fixed such that the natural frequency of the rear suspension is 20% greater than the front suspension thus providing a flat ride over bumps by converting the pitching motion of the vehicle to be converted into bouncing motion. DAMPER SELECTION: Method for selecting springs The process began by selecting an appropriate wheel rate for the front axle. A typical road frequency of 3. 7 Hz may be encountered at the competition. This is based on a vehicle speed of 40Km/h and a road surface with bumps spaced 3m apart. The natural frequency of the suspension should be kept well below 3. Hz in order to avoid any unwanted excitation. A front suspension natural frequency of 1. 20 Hz was deemed to be suitable. The wheel rate required to obtain this natural frequency was established using the following equation (assuming sprung mass of 72kg/wheel) . 2 ? ? We need to calculate the damping ratios for the front and rear suspensions. The design process will commence by iteration only. First we find the ratio for sprung and unsprung with respect to the model. Sprung mass was found to be 71. 456kg the sprung weight was determined while the sprung mass was 288. 54kg. The ratio is 0. 247. The natural frequency of the front suspension is set at 1. 2Hz. Weight on each front wheel is 57. 71 kg. The max force of damping is given by Fcd =2*Msp*wn. Critical damping force for the front suspension system is 1085. 73 Ns/m. For the un-sprung mass natural frequency would be Wn=((Ks+Kt)/Ms)^0. 5 The combined stiffness of tire and wheel is 53. 24N/mm. Amplitude ratios were calculated for a range of damping ratios. These amplitude ratios represent the ratio of applied displacement and the displacement that actually reaches the sprung mass.Amplitude ratios were plotted against the ratio of applied frequency and natural frequency of the sprung mass. This graph shows the ideal damping ratio that should be used. This value as obtained from graph is 0. 7 which gives a damping co-efficient value of 760 Ns/m. In the similar manner the rear suspension has a ride rate of 1. 56Hz. The critical damping force is 1960 Ns/m. The graph of amplitude ratio vs frequency ratio shows an ideal damping ratio of 0. 7 the damping co-efficient is = 0. 7*1960=1372 Ns/m. ? fn ? k wheel msThe ideal wheel rate for the front suspension was calculated to be approximately 40N/mm. The relationship between wheel rate and motion ratio (MR) was used to deduce the location of the shock actuation point on the lower control arm. k wheel ? (MR) 2 ? k spring We need to set the motion ratio according to the wheel travel we require for our suspension. A travel of 50 mm was required and a list of springs were collected and measured for their stiffness characteristics. According to this calculation the motion ratio for auto spring A’s (Ks=58. 57N/mm) wheel rate (Kw=41N/mm) the motion ratio was 0. 8366. Travel of spring per unit wheel travel)The travel obtained by this spring was lesser than was required we could only obtain 26mm of travel in Page | 5 STEERING DESIGN: Objective of steering system in Baja vehicle ? ? ? To provide easy maneuverability of the vehicle over the undulating terrain. It must be durable to sustain the harsh off–road racing course. Less bump steer and return ability in steering Customer requirement: DESIGN OF WHEEL HUBS Our wheel hubs have been designed and fabricated after an extensive research. Effort has been made for minimum scrub radius and obtains the best possible wheel geometry.Adams and Ansys have been used to Simulate and analyse the behavior of these hubs respectively. We have two major design concepts: 1. 2. 3. 4. Optimum sensitivity Low turning radius Minimum feedback Low cost and easy maintenance Basis of our design: We have decided to opt for a 400 degree lock to lock rack and pinion steering with Ackerman geometry. Helical cut teeth will be used for the rack and pinion due to the following advantages over spur gears: ? ? ? ? They take higher loads. They are quieter and smoother. HUB 1 SCRUB RADIUS FACTOR OF SAFETY HUB 2 8 mm 4. 6 1460gm. 15 mm 5. 2 2506gmRulebook Constraints: All vehicles must be equipped with positive wheel lock? to? lock stops and adjustable tie rod ends must be constrained with a jam nut to prevent loosening Tie rod of vehicle should be secured by bumper in front or any other safety device in rear in order to avoid damage of tie rod during collision. WEIGHT Hence taking various factors in to consider ation HUB 2 is considerd for fabrication and stress analysis is done on it. ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED: STRESS DEFORMATION Rack and Pinion Good High Low Light 1. Extermely Simple 2. Gives good driving feel Recirculating ball screw Very High Low High Very High 1.Very Low free play 2. Non-selfreturn ability Worm and sector High Low Very High Comparatively Heavy 1. High free play 2. Non-selfreturn ability FRONT HUB Efficiency Compactness Cost Weight Comments REAR HUB Calculations: Distance between King Pins (c) Using the formulae: = 1117. 6mm FORMULAS FOR STEERING ANGLES ? ? ? cot O – cot ? =c/b sin ? =(c-d)/2r sin(? + ? ) +sin(? – O) =2sin ? Page | 6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BOBLLIER CONSTRUCTION FOR RACK POSITIONING turning radius = (track/2) + (wheelbase/sin(average steer angle) here O=? o =outer wheel angle ? =? I = inner wheel angle Then ? steering arm angle r = length of the steering arm c= kingpin to kingpin distance d=length of the track rod b=wheelbase CALCULAT IONS wheel base (b)=1532mm kingpin to kingpin distance(c) = 1117. 6 steering arm angle ? =30 degrees on substitution an comparing two results we get ? =40 degrees O=27 degres turning radius was calculated to be 2. 9m Clevis joint is used in rack to reduce the bump steer . The below picture shows the clevis joint used Rack and Pinion design Rack displacement calculation RACK ANALYSIS FOS: 8. 5 deformation stress From above formula we get rack displacement =40+40=80mmThe picture of the complete rack assembly Page | 7 Values No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Item Symbol Formula Spur Gear 2 20 ° 11 zm/2 + H zm D cos? 35 22 Db 20. 67 23 24 Rack Module Pressure angle Number of teeth Height of Pitch Line Centre Distance Pitch Diameter Base Diameter M ? Z H Ax D Adams results : CALCULATION OF FORCES ON RACK AND PINION R=steering wheel radius = 165mm r=pinion pitch-circle radius t=number of pinion teeth = 6 p=linear or circular pitch =22mm E=input steering-wheel effort = 2 * 20N W=output rack load If the pinion makes one revolution; input steering wheel movement Xi = 2? Output rack movement Xo = 2? R = txp = 82. 86mm Therefore; Movement ratio (MR) = Xi/Xo=2? R/2? r=2? R/tp=R/r= 165/11=15 15= W/E, w=600N force is to be applied on to the pinion to move the rack. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Ft = Transmitted force Fn = Normal force. Fr = Resultant force ? = pressure angle Fn = Ft tan ? Fr = Ft/Cos ? Here ? =20 degrees therefore Fn=194. 95NFr=630N Opposite wheel travel Fig 3: Graph 1: camber angle vs wheel travel Graph 2: roll centre height vs wheel travel Graph 3: wheel rate vs wheel travel Fig1:Shows the single wheel travel vs toe change and scrub radiusPage | 8 POWERTRAIN DESIGN ? ? Engine and transmission are the loudest systems of the vehicle. Since the engine provided could not be touched in any way, the only noise reduction technique that could be adopted was through the use of proper mufflers. Various mufflers were tested on the engine but the stock muffler provided the least noise le vels . It also provided the best fuel efficiency . So it was decided to use the stock mufflers considering the â€Å"Go Green† theme. The gearbox and CV joints should always be kept properly lubricated to minimize noise due to friction.To reduce vibrations transferred to the chassis from the engine, it is mounted on rubber bushes. The drive shafts are welded properly so that they are inline and no vibrations occur during rotation. The gearbox is mounted firmly in such a way that there is a minimum contact between gearbox and chassis which means minimum transfer of vibration to chassis. The fuel tank capacity is 4 litres. ? ? ? Fig2: Shows roll steer vs wheel travel ? ? ? ? Driveline Power is transmitted from the engine to the wheels in the following way Engine Stub Axle Chain Drive Wheels Gearbox DriveshaftOpposite wheel travel fig 4: Graph 1:roll centre vs roll angle Graph 2: camber vs roll angle Graph 3: roll stiffness vs roll angle The Driveshaft consists of dowel pin on t he gearbox side and rzeppa joint on wheel side . This design ensures transmission of power with minimal losses and allows transmission at longer wheel travel Page | 9 Design Methodologies A customer expects the following things from the transmission system of a Baja vehicle: Forward Orientation Gear Final Gear Ratio 31. 48 18. 70 11. 40 7. 35 55. 08 ? ? ? ? Max. Vehicle Speed (Km/hr) 12. 04 20. 27 33. 26 51. 59 6. 88 Max. Tractive Effort (N) 2240. 7 1348. 28 821. 93 485 3971 Reverse Orientation Final Gear Ratio 55. 08 32. 72 19. 95 13. 40 31. 48 Max. Vehicle Speed (Km/hr) 8. 17 13. 68 22. 19 32. 14 12. 75 Max. Tractive Effort (N) 2990 1776. 23 Reverse engine orientation resulted in problem with weight distribution and increased vehicle length. Using the transmission in forward helped to shift the center of gravity towards vehicle’s center. Due to decreased reduction it also results in increased vehicle speed. It also provides faster acceleration and higher top speed due to th is reason we decided to use the transmission in forward orientation.To calculate vehicle speed at different engine speeds in different gears, we used the formula V= (2*3. 14*engine speed*radius of wheel/Gear ratio)*(60/1000) km/hr. The gear ratios obtained are: Chain Drive gear ratio = 28/28 =1 1083 818. 36 1708. 91 The following graph is obtained: Tractive effort is calculated by formula F=Engine torque*Gear efficiency/wheel radius The curves obtained are: ratio*transmission First Gear Second Gear Third Gear Fourth Gear Reverse Gear High speed for acceleration and speed trials. High torque for towing and hill climbing events.It should be reliable and light weight. It should transmit power in any driving conditions. ? The gearbox operation should be smooth and easy for driving comfort. The engine used has low power to weight ratio, so its necessary to transmit power with minimal loss through drive train. It should be such that it can be easily couple with the engine. Alternatives co nsidered: We had three options while deciding the transmission system a) b) c) A cvt mated with Mahindra gearbox. A custom made manual gearbox. Use of Mahindra champion gearbox coupled with chain drive. 3000 2000 1000 0 0 2000 4000 ractive effort in 1st gear tractive effort in 2nd gear The maximum Tractive effort obtained is 2240N at 2600rpm in 1st gear. Providing an acceleration of 5. 6 m/s^2. The variation of full throttle power with road speed is shown below with different gear ratio Our previous experience with cvt had problem of belt slipping at high torque conditions. Also it resulted in increased weight. So we decided against using this. As we already had 2 champion Alfa gearboxes, we decided on using this gearbox alongwith a chain drive due to the following reasons: 1) 2) 3) 4) Reduced chassis width.Can be easily coupled with the engine. Equal drive shaft lengths; increased ground clearance. Minimum rear overhang; better vehicle dynamics. 60 2nd gear 40 1st gear 20 0 0 2000 4000 3rd gear We had 2 options for the orientation of gearbox: A) Forward engine with engine in the front rear axle. B) Reverse engine orientation with engine behind of the rear axle. Total resistance of the vehicle at 3600rpm is found out by the formula R=k AW^2+KW+WsinO. Where k= coefficient of air resistance N-m^2. Page | 10 A=frontal area of the car, m^2. V= vehicle speed, km/hr. K=constant of rolling resistance.W= weight of car,N O=gradient angle, degrees. The value of resistance comes out to be R=442. 64+2452 sinO. We put this value in formula RV/3600nt=power of engine By solving the above equation for o, we get o=33 degree at 2600 rpm in 1st gear. Stopping Distance Braking Efficiency Parameters Master Cylinder Diameter Caliper Diameter Brake pad height Diameter of the disc Co-efficient of friction of the brake pad Force generated by both the brake pads per wheel Braking Torque per wheel Weight of vehicle(with the driver) Wheelbase Height of COG Dynamic front axle load Dynamic rear axle load 0. 11 m 56% Magnitude/value 19. 05 mm 32 mm 27 mm 162 mm 0. 38 3431 N 1040 N 360 Kg 1397 mm 601. 3 mm 1780 N 1650 N 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 2000 4000 gradabilit y in 1st gear Gradabilit y in 2nd gear Gradabilit y in 3rd gear BRAKING DISTANCE VS SPEED: This shows that the vehicle is capable of climbing a 30 degree slope in 1st gear. This is more than enough for heavy off-road conditions. BRAKES: The criterion of designing the brake system, as stated by the rule book is that, all the wheels must lock simultaneously as the driver presses the brake pedal.Our ATV consists of disc in all the four wheels, as disc brakes are safer, reliable and more effective than drum brakes. Brake circuit used is Independent in order to ensure safety We are using rotors of the same diameter for all the four wheels. Special ATV rotors and wheel calipers have been imported from Taiwan and Tandem Master Cylinder of Maruti 800 is being used. Brass linings and Rubber (flexible) brake hoses are being used in the circuit. A Pro-E model of the brake circuit in the vehicle Brake specifications Force of the driver on the pedal Average circuit pressure Pedal ratio Deceleration 400 N 5. 16 N/sqmm 4:1 5. 5m/sqsec Page | 11 BODY PANELS: The criteria for selecting the material for body panels firewall and belly pan was as follows: ? ? ? ? ? ? Safety of the driver Rulebook constraints Weight of the panels Recyclability of the material used Cost of the material Serviceability of the vehicle INNOVATION: Solenoid Operated Fire Extinguisher The body panels are divided into three parts: Side panels, front bumper and rear panels. For increasing the serviceability of the vehicle, the panels and front bumper have been mounted using easily detachable clips.The materials used for the firewall and belly pan are 1. 5mm thick aluminium alloy sheets, which are both lightweight and 100% recyclable. For body panels, 0. 2mm thick sheet metal is used. It is also 100% recyclable. We have decided to i ncorporate following safety features in our vehicle: 1. All disc brakes with cross circuit. 2. Corrosion resistant stainless steel bolts with nylon lock nuts for all fastenings. 3. 2 fire extinguishers 4. First aid kit 5. Spill guard and splash shield for fuel tank 6. Four point harness seat belts. 7. Wide open throttle stop at the pedal. . Reverse alarm and brake lights. 9. Two 01-171 Ski-Doo kill switches. 10. Steering stop at the wheels. 11. Rear view mirrors. 12. Ignition switch for engine, apart from pull start. 13. Electronic operated fire extinguisher. 14. Seat belt engine kill system 15. Driver emergency communication system This novel kind of fire extinguisher arrangement is operated electronically through a solenoid valve. In case of fire the valve is opened by a manually operated button and a jet of CO2 is released in the engine compartment through various angles.This effectively extinguishes fire in the engine compartment and stops it’s further propagation. Seat B elt Engine Kill System: This system is designed such that the driver will not be able to start the car until he engages his seat belt. The seat belt acts as a switch to operate the relay connected to the engine kill wire. When the seat belt is disconnected, the engine kill wire is grounded. Thus, the car cannot be started. As the seat belt is engaged, relay operates, and the engine kill wire circuit is now open enabling the driver to start the COMMUNICATION SYSTEMPURPOSE: †¢ This is a two way communication system wherein messages and signals can be transmitted from the pit to the driver and vice versa. FEATURES: †¢ The system uses two microcontroller based Arduino boards fitted with an ZIGbee communication module. Page | 12 †¢ It is a transceiver. The signals are sent and received with the help of color coded Push Buttons and LEDs. The actual tested system arrangement is shown in figure. †¢ BILL OF MATERIALS: All the parts of the ATV are classified into eleven bl ocks and are given a unique ten digit part number.The cost of procurement of the part or the material is mentioned and all the machining operations are stated clearly. The spread sheet calculates the cost of machining also. Finally, the sub total of the procurement cost and the machining cost is obtained which helps in grand total of the costs. The BOM gives the level of hierarchy to each part. Sub-Division Engine Transmission Brakes Steering Suspension Wheels Electricals Body Chassis Fasteners Safety Grand Total Cost(in INR) 17000. 00 16800. 00 6928. 00 4457. 00 29954. 00 40308. 00 7940. 00 5340. 00 16240. 00 1346. 00 8272. 00 154585. 00 Page | 13ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND REFERENCES ? ? BAJA SAEINDIAINDIA Rulebook. ASIA 2010 Gillespie, Thomas D. , Fundamental of vehicle dynamics, SAEINDIAINDIA publication ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Body-space Anthropometry, Ergonomics and Design† by Stephen Pheasant. Automotive Engineering Fundamentals by â€Å"Richard Stone and Jeffery K. Ball† Th e Multi body Systems Approach to Vehicle Dynamics by â€Å"Mike Blundell and Demian Harty† Theory of Machines by â€Å"S S Ratan† Automobile Mechanics by â€Å"N. K. Giri† Machine Design by â€Å"R. S. Khurmi† Strength of Material by â€Å"R. K. Rajput† Google. com Howstuffworks. com Wikipedia. org Page | 14

Native American Art And The American Culture - 1252 Words

Native american culture is packed with many different things. In this paper I will be writing about what I researched and found about Native American art. Native American art is made up of many different forms and techniques. It plays an important role in what makes up native American culture and tradition, some of which is still around today,. In Native American’s daily life was simply not possible without the arts, there are many different types and forms, some common types include painting, basket weaving, and wood carving, many of these things have progressed today and are displayed in museums and created over again by new generations. What is Native American art? Native American art is a way of expressing native American’s way of†¦show more content†¦To create Native American common and tradition art they used different tools, some including, rocks, feathers, cloth, clay, and fabric. Native americans also used material from animals like fur and bones. They would never hunt for sport and used every last part of what they hunted and didn t let any part of their animals go unused. To get pigments and different colors they would use plants and different kinds of berries to mix and get the desired colors they wanted. They were known for having many bright colors to represent what they love. There are many, forms, and genres of Native American art, a common one is painting. The earliest form of painting that we know of, dates back all the way to 4000 b.c. These paintings have been found in caves, rock shelters, and clay plasters and were usually applied with a fibre brush. Many designs are in forms of both supernatural and natural ideas and scenarios, it was a way to tell and visualize stories. Painting was also used to decorate things like pottery and instruments. This form of art was probably the most popular. Another common form of art was basket weaving, this form of art was very useful. 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